Polycarbosilane is a type of polymer compound whose main chain is composed of alternating silicon and carbon atoms. The silicon and carbon atoms are connected with hydrogen or organic groups, and the molecular chain is linear or branched.

When the semiconductor material drops to a certain critical size, the movement of electrons in three dimensions is restricted, showing a quantum confinement effect. Such materials are called quantum dots (QDs)

Graphene quantum dots refer to an emerging carbonaceous fluorescent material with a graphene sheet size of less than 100nm and a number of sheets of less than 10 layers. Generally speaking, graphene quantum dots include graphene quantum dots, graphene oxide quantum dots, and partially reduced graphene oxide quantum dots, a general term for carbonaceous fluorescent materials and their derivatives with similar structures and the same performance.